openssl(1)

     OPENSSL(1)             0.9.6h (2001-08-08)             OPENSSL(1)

     NAME
          openssl - OpenSSL command line tool

     SYNOPSIS
          openssl command [ command_opts ] [ command_args ]

          openssl [ list-standard-commands | list-message-digest-
          commands | list-cipher-commands ]

          openssl no-XXX [ arbitrary options ]

     DESCRIPTION
          OpenSSL is a cryptography toolkit implementing the Secure
          Sockets Layer (SSL v2/v3) and Transport Layer Security (TLS
          v1) network protocols and related cryptography standards
          required by them.

          The openssl program is a command line tool for using the
          various cryptography functions of OpenSSL's crypto library
          from the shell.  It can be used for

           o  Creation of RSA, DH and DSA key parameters
           o  Creation of X.509 certificates, CSRs and CRLs
           o  Calculation of Message Digests
           o  Encryption and Decryption with Ciphers
           o  SSL/TLS Client and Server Tests
           o  Handling of S/MIME signed or encrypted mail

     COMMAND SUMMARY
          The openssl program provides a rich variety of commands
          (command in the SYNOPSIS above), each of which often has a
          wealth of options and arguments (command_opts and
          command_args in the SYNOPSIS).

          The pseudo-commands list-standard-commands, list-message-
          digest-commands, and list-cipher-commands output a list (one
          entry per line) of the names of all standard commands,
          message digest commands, or cipher commands, respectively,
          that are available in the present openssl utility.

          The pseudo-command no-XXX tests whether a command of the
          specified name is available.  If no command named XXX
          exists, it returns 0 (success) and prints no-XXX; otherwise
          it returns 1 and prints XXX.  In both cases, the output goes
          to stdout and nothing is printed to stderr.  Additional
          command line arguments are always ignored.  Since for each
          cipher there is a command of the same name, this provides an
          easy way for shell scripts to test for the availability of
          ciphers in the openssl program.  (no-XXX is not able to
          detect pseudo-commands such as quit, list-...-commands, or
          no-XXX itself.)

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          STANDARD COMMANDS

          asn1parse Parse an ASN.1 sequence.

          ca        Certificate Authority (CA) Management.

          ciphers   Cipher Suite Description Determination.

          crl       Certificate Revocation List (CRL) Management.

          crl2pkcs7 CRL to PKCS#7 Conversion.

          dgst      Message Digest Calculation.

          dh        Diffie-Hellman Parameter Management.  Obsoleted by
                    dhparam.

          dsa       DSA Data Management.

          dsaparam  DSA Parameter Generation.

          enc       Encoding with Ciphers.

          errstr    Error Number to Error String Conversion.

          dhparam   Generation and Management of Diffie-Hellman
                    Parameters.

          gendh     Generation of Diffie-Hellman Parameters.
                    Obsoleted by dhparam.

          gendsa    Generation of DSA Parameters.

          genrsa    Generation of RSA Parameters.

          passwd    Generation of hashed passwords.

          pkcs12    PKCS#12 Data Management.

          pkcs7     PKCS#7 Data Management.

          rand      Generate pseudo-random bytes.

          req       X.509 Certificate Signing Request (CSR)
                    Management.

          rsa       RSA Data Management.

          rsautl    RSA utility for signing, verification, encryption,
                    and decryption.

          s_client  This implements a generic SSL/TLS client which can

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                    establish a transparent connection to a remote
                    server speaking SSL/TLS. It's intended for testing
                    purposes only and provides only rudimentary
                    interface functionality but internally uses mostly
                    all functionality of the OpenSSL ssl library.

          s_server  This implements a generic SSL/TLS server which
                    accepts connections from remote clients speaking
                    SSL/TLS. It's intended for testing purposes only
                    and provides only rudimentary interface
                    functionality but internally uses mostly all
                    functionality of the OpenSSL ssl library.  It
                    provides both an own command line oriented
                    protocol for testing SSL functions and a simple
                    HTTP response facility to emulate an SSL/TLS-aware
                    webserver.

          s_time    SSL Connection Timer.

          sess_id   SSL Session Data Management.

          smime     S/MIME mail processing.

          speed     Algorithm Speed Measurement.

          verify    X.509 Certificate Verification.

          version   OpenSSL Version Information.

          x509      X.509 Certificate Data Management.

          MESSAGE DIGEST COMMANDS

          md2       MD2 Digest

          md5       MD5 Digest

          mdc2      MDC2 Digest

          rmd160    RMD-160 Digest

          sha       SHA Digest

          sha1      SHA-1 Digest

          ENCODING AND CIPHER COMMANDS

          base64    Base64 Encoding

          bf bf-cbc bf-cfb bf-ecb bf-ofb
                    Blowfish Cipher

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          cast cast-cbc
                    CAST Cipher

          cast5-cbc cast5-cfb cast5-ecb cast5-ofb
                    CAST5 Cipher

     ede-ofb des-ofb
          des des-cbc des-cfb des-ecb des-ede des-ede-cbc des-ede-cfb
                    des-
                    DES Cipher

          des3 desx des-ede3 des-ede3-cbc des-ede3-cfb des-ede3-ofb
                    Triple-DES Cipher

          idea idea-cbc idea-cfb idea-ecb idea-ofb
                    IDEA Cipher

          rc2 rc2-cbc rc2-cfb rc2-ecb rc2-ofb
                    RC2 Cipher

          rc4       RC4 Cipher

          rc5 rc5-cbc rc5-cfb rc5-ecb rc5-ofb
                    RC5 Cipher

     PASS PHRASE ARGUMENTS
          Several commands accept password arguments, typically using
          -passin and -passout for input and output passwords
          respectively. These allow the password to be obtained from a
          variety of sources. Both of these options take a single
          argument whose format is described below. If no password
          argument is given and a password is required then the user
          is prompted to enter one: this will typically be read from
          the current terminal with echoing turned off.

          pass:password
                    the actual password is password. Since the
                    password is visible to utilities (like 'ps' under
                    Unix) this form should only be used where security
                    is not important.

          env:var   obtain the password from the environment variable
                    var. Since the environment of other processes is
                    visible on certain platforms (e.g. ps under
                    certain Unix OSes) this option should be used with
                    caution.

          file:pathname
                    the first line of pathname is the password. If the
                    same pathname argument is supplied to -passin and
                    -passout arguments then the first line will be
                    used for the input password and the next line for

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                    the output password. pathname need not refer to a
                    regular file: it could for example refer to a
                    device or named pipe.

          fd:number read the password from the file descriptor number.
                    This can be used to send the data via a pipe for
                    example.

          stdin     read the password from standard input.

     SEE ALSO
          asn1parse(1), ca(1), config(5), crl(1), crl2pkcs7(1),
          dgst(1), dhparam(1), dsa(1), dsaparam(1), enc(1), gendsa(1),
          genrsa(1), nseq(1), openssl(1), passwd(1), pkcs12(1),
          pkcs7(1), pkcs8(1), rand(1), req(1), rsa(1), rsautl(1),
          s_client(1), s_server(1), smime(1), spkac(1), verify(1),
          version(1), x509(1), crypto(3), ssl(3)

     HISTORY
          The openssl(1) document appeared in OpenSSL 0.9.2.  The
          list-XXX-commands pseudo-commands were added in OpenSSL
          0.9.3; the no-XXX pseudo-commands were added in OpenSSL
          0.9.5a.  For notes on the availability of other commands,
          see their individual manual pages.

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